Comparative study on chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Egyptian and Canadian propolis

Two propolis samples from Egypt and Canada were investigated by GC/MS, 103 compounds were identified. mainly terpenoids and phenolics. 17 being new for propolis. The samples showed some similarities in their qualitative composition of the phenolics. In Canadian propolis benzoic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, benzyl-trans-4-coumarate and pinocembrin were predominant. The Egyptian propolis showed the presence of 7 di-and triterpenoids. from which three are new. The antimicrobial activity of propolis collected from Egyptian propolis showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, .Asprgillus flavus; Asprgillus fumigatus; Mucor and Candida albicans, while Canadian propolis has the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus: Bacillus subtitlis; Erwinia carotovora; Asprgillus ochraceus and Asprgillus niger

new triterpenoid from glycyrrhiza glabra L. and antimicrobial activity

A new pentacyclic triterpenoid was isolated from the minor constituents of local liquorice roots. The structure was determined by means of [1]H-H COSY, [13]C APT, HMQC, HMBC experiments and MS spectroscopy. Another triterpenoid was isolated in a very small amount and its structure was assumed from [1]H-NMR and MS only. The antimicrobial activity of the pentacyclic triterpenoids against Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were investigated. Compound 1 had the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli: and Staphylococcus aureus, while compound 2 had the highest antifungal activity against Candida albicans

Hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effect of Solenostemma argel del. Hayne

The HEPATOTOXIC and nephrotoxic effects of solenostemma argel del. Hayne on albino rats were studied. Aerial parts of solenostemma argel plant were successively fractional with methanol/water in different proportion that A and B fractions. While the fractionation with chloroform/methanol produced fraction C. in this research effort, a total number of 280 adult male albino rats were used, and they were divided into 4 groups. The first group received 10% of the L.D[50] of fraction A, the second group received taken 10% of the L.D[50] fraction B and the third group received 10% of the L.D [50] of fraction C. Subsequently, the animals were administrated with an additional dose of 10% of the L.D[50] at the 6[th] day. On the other hand, the fourth group served as control group. Blood samples were collected from all animals after 1[st], 2[nd], 3[rd], 4[th], 5[th], 7[th], 8[th], 9[th] and 10[th] day, respectively to determine the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic activities of Solenostemma argel del. Hayne on albino rats. Serum glucose level decreased significantly [p<0.05] two days after administration of the two doses of 10% of the L.D[50] of fraction A. administration of fraction B caused a decrease at 1[st] day after taking 10% of the L.D[50] as well as within two days. Serum transaminase [AST and ALT] showed significant increase [p<0.05] in the 1[st] day and 2[nd] day after taking the two doses of 10% of the L.D[50] of fraction A. while through a day following the 1[st] dose of 10% of the L.D[50], also within two days after administration of 10% of the L.D[50] of fraction B. The serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase exhibited significant increase [p<0.05] in the 1[st] day and 2[nd] day after receiving the two doses of 10% of the L.D[50] of fraction A. Fraction B administration induced significant increase a day following the 1[st] dose of 10%, and in the 1[st] day and 2[nd] day after taking the 2[nd] dose

Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants

The FOLLOWING study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants. Ethanol extracts of different medicinal plants including Curcuma longa [Turmeric], Zingiber officinal [Ginger], Piper nigrum [Black Pepper], Cinnamomum cassia [Cinnamon], Thymus vulgaris [Thyme], Laurus nobilis [Bay leaf], and Syzgium aromaticum [Clove] were tested using the disc diffusion method for their antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. typhimurium, E. faecium, and E. faecalis. Cinnamon extract [CE], at 130 micro g/disk, exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. typhimunium, and E. faecalis. Thyme extract [TE], at 30 micro g/disk, exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, E. faecium, and E. faecalis while the remaining medicinal plants extracts showed no activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of the cinnamon and thyme ranged from 31.25 to 250 micro g/ml by the dilution method. These results suggest that cinnamon and thyme have antibacterial activity in vitro

Anticancer activity of Bauhinia racemosa Lam on mice bearing ehrlich ascites carcinoma

PHARMACOLOGICAL studies of the Bauhinia Racemosa Lam which was belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae revealed that the ethanol extract of leaves of B. racemosa presented analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic in the previous research but in the present study the antitumor activity and antioxidant status at different concentration of ethanol extract of Bauhinia racemosa stem bark [40, 80, and 160 micro g/kg] was evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma [EAC] in mice. The ethanol extract of Bauhinia racemosa stem showed decrease in tumor volume, packed cell volume an viable cell count, and increased the nonviable cell count and mean survival time thereby increasing life span of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor bearing mice. Hematological profile reverted to more or less normal levels in extract treated mice. Treatment with ethanol extract of Bauhinia racemosa decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. It could be concluded that, the ethanol extract of Bauhinia racemosa stem bark exhibited antitumor effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting antioxidant defense system in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice

Influence of storage on chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of coriander [coriandrum sativum L.] Honey

The influence of storage on the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of coriander honey was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were used for antimicrobial assay of the fresh and stored coriander honey. It was clear that fresh or stored crude coriander honey showed a higher antibacterial activity if compared with n-hexane extract. It was obvious that fresh coriander honey and its n- hexane extract were effective against different examined pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus was the most affected bacteria by both fresh and stored coriander honey as well as their n-hexane extracts. The stored honey extracted with n- hexane showed the highest antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Comparative gas chromatography - mass spectrometry [GC/MS] study of the fresh and stored Coriander honey revealed that the storage produced a significant decrease in the amounts of mono-, sesqui- and diterpens, fatty acid octyl esters, antibacterial, antifungal activity and produced a significant increase in the amounts of fatty acid ethyl esters. 1- hydroxylinalool, benzenemethanol 3,4- dimethoxy and oleic acid showed the highest significant concentration. Few fatty acids, fatty acid esters and alkanols, alkanals and alkanones are also present

Antibacterial activity of different Egyptian honeys in relation to some bee products

The antibacterial activities of different types of honey in relation to some bee products were investigated against 5 species of pathogenic bacteria belonging to Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The honey types were Citrus, Cotton Sesame and Clover. The bee products were royal jelly and bee venom. The bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus faecalis, Corynebacteria pseudotuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli The influence of the storage was studied in case of clover honey from season of 1965 and 1995. Honey was used in different concentration. The results revealed that the different Egyptian honey, royal jelly and bee venom were effective antibacterial against different pathogenic bacteria. It was clear that the different types of honey as well royal jelly and bee venom were less effective against E. coli than other bacteria

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Sidr honey

A comparison between two methods of extraction of Sidr honey was performed to elucidate the difference in chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. The results of the GC/MS studies of the n-hexane extracts by methods A [extraction without dilution] and B [extraction after dilution with water] for Sidr honey showed that method A contains all terpenoids and method B contains higher significant concentration of fatty acids. Some compounds were identified for the first time in Sidr honey. Piperitone, calamanene -1S-trans, 4-methoxy -butanoic acid, 2- pentanol -5- methoxy-2- methyl, Pyrido [3,2-d] pyrimidine - 4-ol, 2- ethyl- 5- tridecylpyrrolidine, quinoline -, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro - 3-methyl and quinoline - 4,8-dimethyl. The antimicrobial activity varied according to the type of pathogen. However the method A showed the highest antibacterial activity, the method B had the highest antifungal activity

Influence of Egyptian propolis as antifungal agent

The antifungal activity of Egyptian propolis against 9 genera of fungi was determined. These genera are belonging to Cladosporium, Mucor, Scopulariopsis, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Rhodoterola. The results revealed that Egyptian propolis induced inhibition of fungal growth. This inhibition varied according to the type of fungi. The minimal inhibitory concentration of propolis ranged from 1.20 - 3.60 mg /ml. It was obvious that the minimum inhibitory concentration was 3.60 mg / ml tot Alternaria and Fusarium whereas the concentration [1.20 mg / ml] was recorded for Aspergillus and Penicillium

Antibacterial activity of the secretory materials of some scale insects [Coccoidea-Homiptera] [Applied]

The antibacterial activity of secretory materials present in the scale cover and produced materials of certain scale insects were examined against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. The scale insect included two soft scales insects; Icerya aegyptiaca Douglas and Ceroplastes rusci L. and three hard scales insects; Aonidiella aurantii Maskell, Lepidosaphes beckii Newman and Parlatoria zizyphus Lucas. Secretions of the scale insects were extracted with ethanol, acetone and DMSO. The antibacterial activities of extracted secretions of insects were investigated against Gram positive and negative bacteria. The Gram negative bacteria included Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Gram positive bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalacticae and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It was obvious that no antibacteria! activity of all insect secretions extracted with DMSO against all pathogenic bacteria except secretion of A. aurantii which showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus. But the extraction of the secretion of the scale insects extracted with acetone and ethanol were varied according to the type of insect secretion and type of pathogenic bacteria. Results of the experiments showed that the ethanol was the most suitable solvent for extraction of scale insect secretion. The antibacterial activity was varied according to the species of the scale insects

Studies of some aspects of antiviral activity 1-influence of propolis on newcastle disease virus

The effect of propolis on different NDV vaccinal strain were studied. It was clear that the addition of propolis to NDV induced a significant reduction of infectivity titers. The effect of propolis was pronounced in La Sota, Clone 30 and virulent NDV. The HA titers of Komarov and virulent virus were reduced significantly. These data obtained offer a certain amount of new information on the anti NDV activity of propolis and point to the significance of such natural product for practice as a possible anti Newcastle disease drug

Immune response of chicken infected with Quaranfil virus

The immune response of chicken infected with Quaranfil [QRFV] virus was investigated. The dose response curve of whole blood culture and spleen lymphocyte cultures were detected by non specific stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin [PHA] at different dilutions. The optimium stimulation was [1:225] with 0.5x10[6] cells in whole blood culture, also [1:225] in spleen lymphocyte culture. The delayed hypersensitivity skin test as a sequential reactivity post injection with specific antigen revealed moderate reaction against QRFV. The plaque forming cells [PFC] was reduced in case of QRFV if it is compared with the control group [sheep red blood cells]

Evaluation of cell mediated immunity in the Egyptian buffaloes

The cell mediated immunity in Egyptian buffalos was evaluated by the delayed hypersensitivity skin test twelve Egyptian buffalos. These buffalos were sensitized by phytohemagglutinin [75 ug/ml] and avian serum albumin [ASA] [10 mg/ml]. Both PHA and ASA are suitable for use as sensitized agent for detection of cell mediated immunity of buffalos

Cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity in C3H mice hyperimmunized with quarnfil virus

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in C3H mice hyperimmunized with quaranfil virus [QRF-V] was investigated. Mice primed with QRF-V developed moderate cytotoxic activity mediated by spleen cytotoxic T lymphocytes C3H mice have a higher adaptive protective immune response to QRF-V than Swiss albino mice

Some aspects of drug interaction A Hematological and histopathological changes of rabbit's uteri experimentally treated with progesterone and diazinon

The haematological picture and the histopathological changes of rabbit's uteri treated with 1.5mg progesterone and 10 25, 50 mg/ Kg B.W.diazinon were investigated. There was a decrease in the amount of haemoglobin, and the number of red cells, leucocytes, heterophils and lymphocytosis in rabbits treated with diazinon and with progesteron and the higher doses of diazinon. The uteri of the latter treated animals showed atrophy of the endometrium. There was an antagonistic action between prgesterone and diazinon